Ion Exchange Process

Ion Exchange is a water treatment process that removes unwanted ions from water and replaces them with more desirable ones using resins.

Key Points:

Cation Exchange: Replaces calcium and magnesium (hardness) with sodium or hydrogen ions.

Anion Exchange: Replaces negative ions like chloride or sulfate with hydroxide or bicarbonate ions.

Regeneration: Resins are regenerated using a solution (usually salt) to restore their capacity.

Applications:

Water Softening: Removes hardness (calcium, magnesium).

Purification: Removes heavy metals, nitrates, and other contaminants.

Deionization: Produces highly purified water.

Wastewater Treatment: Removes pollutants.

Benefits:

Efficient removal of specific contaminants.

Reduces water hardness.

Regenerable and cost-effective.

Ion exchange is widely used for water treatment in industries, municipalities, and households.